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Why Your Training is So Ineffective
Instructional Design & Training Manager, MAS Solutions LLC.We’ve all done it: you need to learn something so you sign up for training. You attend a class. You go back to work. Does anything from the training class stay with you? A week later? A month later? Six months later? Usually, you feel good after training. You remember some of the content. You have some new ideas. But as time passes, the experience fades and you are back where you started. Is this a good return on your time and investment?
Many times training is perceived as a quick fix for a business need. But is anything really fixed or improved if training is not transferred into outcomes on the job?
For training to be effective, a completely different approach to design and delivery is necessary. It is the training design that guarantees the success of training intervention. Traditionally, corporate training places little focus or depth to the design process. Often, training is based on a mass of subject matter content, handled in a linear format, with heavy emphasis on the charisma of the trainer. A great trainer does not mean that the training outcomes are effective.
Often, there is an absence of pre- and post training measurement. This is an important consideration to set benchmarks for performance improvement. Most classes and workshops end up with a ‘course critique’ (more colloquially known as a ‘smile sheet’). Such evaluations give little indication of the effectiveness of the program in terms of objectives met and performance standards.
At the end of training, there are four levels of measurement:
- Level 1 is Satisfaction: did the participants enjoy the class and walk away with an increased confidence in the material?
- Level 2 is Knowledge: did the participants acquire the material?
- Level 3 is Application: can the participants apply and use new skills and attitudes to solve problems
- Level 4 is Results: what is the return on investment in terms of human and financial returns?
To achieve positive answers to these questions, specific aspects must be included in the design phase of training. Nothing is left to chance. Many parallel processes must be woven together into the design so that training will be effective.
What are the performance objectives for the training? It is crucial to set these objectives at the beginning of the design process. Are there external industry standards to take into consideration? What are the company specific internal standards? What ‘hard’ skills (technical content) are to be addressed? What ‘soft’ skills (behavioral or self-esteem) are important? What are the performance goals for participants?
Simultaneously, learning modalities, processing styles and psychological objectives must be addressed. Do participants learn best by visual, auditory or by kinesthetic means? Are multiple intelligences addressed? How does the training handle psychological (affective) objectives?
Another stream of considerations is critical thinking skills. Cognitive levels emphasize intellectual outcomes. The lowest level of thinking is simple recall of information. The highest level of thinking is evaluating information. What are the expectations for participants? Is knowing and understanding the content enough? Or do they need to be able to apply and analyze the information? Or is the intervention aiming at synthesis and evaluation of the subject matter?
If your organization is looking for a customized program, then these considerations should be the initial discussion between the training designer and the client. If you are shopping for an “off-the shelf” training class, first be sure of your needs and your performance goals. Then compare this with the training outcomes of the class or program.
If you need to be able to synthesize and evaluate the subject matter, then attending a training class which is focused on knowledge of material will not be effective. If you attend a training program which is focused on evaluation of material, and you have gaps in your knowledge and comprehension of the subject matter, then this will not be effective either.
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